{"ID":63722,"name":"CC\/Devas (Mauritius) Limited v. Antrix Corp. Ltd.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2024\/23-1201","view_count":0,"docket_number":"23-1201","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"CC\/Devas (Mauritius) Limited","second_party":"Antrix Corp. Ltd.","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1728018000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55543"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1740981600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55588"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1749099600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55657"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThis case involves an agreement between two Indian corporations, Devas Multimedia Private Ltd. and Antrix Corp. Ltd. After a dispute arose, Devas obtained an arbitration award from the International Chamber of Commerce against Antrix. Devas then sought to confirm this award in a U.S. district court. Antrix challenged the court\u2019s personal jurisdiction, but the district court confirmed the award, concluding that a minimum contacts analysis was unnecessary under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAntrix appealed the confirmation order, arguing that the district court erred in exercising personal jurisdiction without conducting a minimum contacts analysis. Meanwhile, a group of intervenors, including CC\/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. and others, moved to register the judgment in the Eastern District of Virginia. Both Antrix and Devas challenged this registration order. The U.S. Court of Appeals reversed, concluding that the plaintiff must prove minimum contacts, and its failure to do so meant it could not exercise personal jurisdiction over Antrix.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EMust plaintiffs prove minimum contacts before federal courts may assert personal jurisdiction over foreign states sued under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EPersonal jurisdiction exists under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) when a statutory immunity exception applies and the foreign defendant has been properly served; the statute does not impose an additional requirement of showing \u0022minimum contacts\u0022 under the Due Process Clause. Justice Samuel Alito authored the unanimous opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe FSIA provides that a federal court has personal jurisdiction over a foreign state if two express conditions are met: the court has subject-matter jurisdiction through one of the FSIA\u2019s exceptions to immunity, and the foreign sovereign has been served in accordance with the statute\u2019s rules. These two requirements are sufficient and exhaustive: once both are satisfied, personal jurisdiction \u201cshall exist.\u201d The statute does not mention \u201cminimum contacts,\u201d a test developed in general personal jurisdiction doctrine. Reading an unwritten minimum-contacts requirement into the jurisdictional provision would contradict the statutory text and undermine the structure of the FSIA, which was designed to be a comprehensive and predictable framework for assessing when foreign sovereigns can be sued in U.S. courts.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMinimum contacts are not needed apart from the contacts already built into the FSIA\u2019s immunity exceptions themselves. Some exceptions, such as for commercial activity with effects in the United States, inherently require significant U.S.-related conduct and may by themselves satisfy due process standards. But that satisfaction arises from the statutory design, not because \u00a71330(b) of the FSIA incorporates constitutional due process standards.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":56133,"name":"Aaron M. 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