{"ID":63709,"name":"McLaughlin Chiropractic Associates, Inc. v. McKesson Corporation","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2024\/23-1226","view_count":0,"docket_number":"23-1226","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"McLaughlin Chiropractic Associates, Inc.","second_party":"McKesson Corporation","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1728018000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55537"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1737439200],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55559"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1750395600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55675"}],"lower_court":{"ID":5,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/5"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003ETrue Health Chiropractic, Inc. and McLaughlin Chiropractic Associates, Inc. filed a class action lawsuit against McKesson Corporation and McKesson Technologies, Inc. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendants violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) by sending unsolicited advertisements via fax. They claimed they neither invited nor gave permission to receive these faxes, and even if there was permission or an established business relationship, the faxes lacked the required opt-out notice.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court initially granted summary judgment to the plaintiffs on McKesson\u0027s consent defenses. The court also decertified the proposed class and denied treble damages to the plaintiffs. McKesson appealed the summary judgment decision on their consent defenses. The plaintiffs cross-appealed the class decertification and denial of treble damages. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reviewed the summary judgment de novo, the decertification order for abuse of discretion, and the denial of treble damages for abuse of discretion, ultimately affirming all of the district court\u2019s decisions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Hobbs Act require a federal district court to accept the Federal Communication Commission\u2019s legal interpretation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Hobbs Act does not preclude judicial review of an agency\u0027s statutory interpretation in district court enforcement proceedings, and district courts must independently determine whether the agency\u0027s interpretation is correct under ordinary principles of statutory interpretation. Justice Brett Kavanaugh authored the 6-3 majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECourts may grant pre-enforcement review of agency orders through three types of statutes: those that expressly preclude subsequent judicial review in enforcement proceedings (like the Clean Water Act), those that expressly authorize review in both contexts, and those that remain silent on enforcement proceedings (like the Hobbs Act). The Hobbs Act falls into the third category, which triggers a default rule allowing district courts to independently assess agency interpretations. The Administrative Procedure Act codifies this presumption of judicial review, stating that \u201cagency action is subject to judicial review in civil or criminal proceedings for judicial enforcement\u201d unless prior review was adequate and exclusive. The phrase \u201cdetermine the validity\u201d in the Hobbs Act refers specifically to entering declaratory judgments in pre-enforcement proceedings, not to the broader process of evaluating an agency interpretation\u2019s correctness in enforcement actions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Emergency Price Control Act precedent from Yakus v. United States does not control because that wartime statute contained two provisions working together: exclusive jurisdiction language plus an express prohibition against other courts considering validity. Congress chose not to include this second, prohibitive provision when enacting the Hobbs Act six years later, demonstrating its intent not to preclude enforcement-stage review. Practical concerns about potential court disagreements do not override statutory text and administrative law principles, as circuit splits followed by Supreme Court review represent the ordinary judicial process. Requiring all potentially affected parties to challenge every agency order within 60 days or lose their rights would be impractical and unfair, particularly for entities that did not exist when orders issued or had no reason to anticipate future enforcement proceedings.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Elena Kagan authored a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Ketanji Brown Jackson, arguing that the Hobbs Act\u0027s grant of \u201cexclusive jurisdiction\u201d to appellate courts to \u201cdetermine the validity\u201d of agency orders plainly precludes district courts from making such determinations in enforcement proceedings.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":36939,"name":"Matthew W.H. 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