{"ID":63828,"name":"Montgomery v. Caribe Transport II, LLC","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2025\/24-1238","view_count":0,"docket_number":"24-1238","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Shawn Montgomery","second_party":"Caribe Transport II, LLC","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1759467600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55735"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1772604000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55794"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1778734800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55833"}],"lower_court":{"ID":12,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/12"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EShawn Montgomery was severely injured when his tractor-trailer, stopped on the shoulder of an Illinois highway, was struck by another truck. The other driver, Yosniel Varela-Mojena, was employed by the motor carrier Caribe Transport II, LLC (\u201cCaribe\u201d). C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. (\u201cRobinson\u201d), a freight broker, had arranged for Caribe to haul the shipment. Robinson and Caribe operated under an agreement stating that Caribe was an independent contractor and retained exclusive control over its personnel and the manner of its performance.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMontgomery sued the driver and Caribe, and also sued the broker, Robinson. His claims against Robinson alleged that the broker was vicariously liable for the driver\u2019s negligence, arguing Caribe was Robinson\u2019s agent. Montgomery also claimed Robinson had negligently hired the driver and the carrier.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe district court granted judgment to Robinson on all claims. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmed, holding that Caribe was an independent contractor, which defeated the vicarious liability claim, and that the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act preempted the state-law negligent hiring claim.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes 49 U.S.C. \u00a7 14501(c) preempt a state common-law claim against a broker for negligently selecting a motor carrier or driver?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act (FAAAA) \u2014 a federal law that generally blocks states from regulating trucking industry prices, routes, and services \u2014 does not preempt state negligent-hiring lawsuits against transportation brokers, because those claims fall within the law\u0027s built-in safety exception preserving state authority to regulate motor vehicle safety. Justice Amy Coney Barrett authored the unanimous opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe FAAAA\u0027s preemption provision broadly blocks state laws \u0022related to a price, route, or service\u0022 of motor carriers and brokers. But the safety exception carves back that prohibition: it \u0022shall not restrict the safety regulatory authority of a State with respect to motor vehicles.\u0022 State common-law duties \u2014 including negligent hiring, which requires a company to use reasonable care when selecting a contractor for dangerous work \u2014 qualify as exercises of that safety regulatory authority. The central question therefore becomes whether a negligent-hiring claim against a broker \u0022concerns\u0022 motor vehicles, as the phrase \u0022with respect to\u0022 ordinarily means. The FAAAA defines \u0022motor vehicle\u0022 as trucks and trailers used on highways for transportation. A negligent-hiring claim against a broker directly concerns those vehicles: the whole point of hiring a carrier is to put trucks on the road, and requiring a broker to screen for carrier safety plainly concerns the trucks those carriers will operate.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe safety exception does not collapse the preemption provision entirely. The exception rescues only a subset of claims \u2014 those tied to motor vehicle safety. Many state laws touching carrier prices, routes, or services have no safety connection and remain preempted. The broker\u0027s argument that this reading creates textual redundancy fails because any overlap stems from the word \u0022safety\u0022 in the exception itself, not from the phrase \u0022with respect to motor vehicles.\u0022 The broker\u0027s separate argument \u2014 that a different FAAAA subsection preempts broker regulation for intrastate routes without any safety exception, creating an anomaly \u2014 cannot override the plain text of the safety exception in subsection (c)(2)(A).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Brett Kavanaugh concurred, joined by Justice Samuel Alito, agreeing with the result but emphasizing the case was closer than the majority suggested, noting that the FAAAA\u0027s mandatory insurance scheme and intrastate preemption provisions offered real textual support for the brokers\u0027 position, and that the outcome was ultimately driven by Congress\u0027s intent to pursue economic \u2014 not safety \u2014 deregulation, making it implausible that the law would simultaneously expose trucking companies to tort liability while shielding brokers from any such accountability.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37772,"name":"Paul D. 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