{"ID":63802,"name":"Coney Island Auto Parts Unlimited, Inc. v. Burton","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2025\/24-808","view_count":0,"docket_number":"24-808","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Coney Island Auto Parts Unlimited, Inc.","second_party":"Jeanne Ann Burton","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1749186000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55695"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1762236000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55723"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1768888800],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55780"}],"lower_court":{"ID":11,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/11"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EIn November 2014, Vista-Pro Automotive, LLC, a Nashville-based auto-parts corporation, entered bankruptcy proceedings in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. In 2015, Vista-Pro\u2014later represented by its Chapter 7 trustee\u2014filed an adversary proceeding against Coney Island Auto Parts Unlimited, Inc., a New York corporation, to recover about $50,000 in unpaid invoices. Vista-Pro mailed the summons and complaint to Coney Island\u2019s Brooklyn address addressed only to the corporate entity, not to any officer, agent, or individual as required for proper service under the rules governing service on corporations. Coney Island did not respond to the complaint, leading the bankruptcy court in May 2015 to enter a default judgment against it.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFollowing reconversion of the case to a Chapter 7 proceeding, the trustee repeatedly attempted to collect the judgment. Coney Island received notice of the judgment at least as early as April 2016 when its CEO was sent a demand letter. Years later, after the trustee sought to enforce the judgment by freezing Coney Island\u2019s bank assets in New York, Coney Island sought to vacate the default judgment, arguing that it was void due to improper service and lack of personal jurisdiction.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe bankruptcy court and later the district court denied Coney Island\u2019s motion to vacate the judgment as untimely. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed, holding that under its precedents interpreting Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(c)(1), motions to vacate void judgments must be filed within a reasonable time.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(c)(1) impose any time limit to set aside a void default judgment for lack of personal jurisdiction?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EA motion to set aside a judgment as void under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(4) must be filed within a \u0022reasonable time\u0022 as required by Rule 60(c)(1). Justice Samuel Alito authored the majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe text and structure of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60 compel this conclusion. The rule\u2019s plain language in subdivision (c)(1) states that \u201ca motion under Rule 60(b) must be made within a reasonable time.\u201d Because a motion challenging a judgment as void is made under subdivision (b)(4), it is a \u201cmotion under Rule 60(b)\u201d and is therefore subject to the reasonable-time requirement. The rule\u2019s structure reinforces this interpretation. For certain other motions under Rule 60(b)\u2014those alleging mistake, new evidence, or fraud\u2014the rule expressly creates an exception to the \u201creasonable time\u201d standard by imposing a fixed one-year deadline. The absence of a similar provision creating an unlimited time frame for voidness motions shows that no such special exception exists.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe argument that a \u201cvoid judgment is a legal nullity\u201d and thus cannot be subject to a time limit is unpersuasive. While the passage of time may not cure a judgment\u2019s voidness, the law routinely places time limits on a party\u0027s ability to seek relief from judgments containing other types of legal errors. Allowing a party to challenge a judgment as void at any time would have extreme consequences, undermining the finality of judgments and conflicting with established deadlines for appeals. Furthermore, the \u201creasonable time\u201d requirement is flexible and accommodates situations where a party does not receive proper notice of a lawsuit. In the case of a default judgment, for example, it may be entirely reasonable for a defendant to wait to file a motion for relief until after learning of attempts to enforce the judgment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Sonia Sotomayor authored an opinion concurring in the judgment, agreeing that the rule\u2019s text required the outcome but arguing that the majority should not have addressed potential constitutional issues that the parties had not raised.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":63832,"name":"Daniel Ginzburg","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/daniel_ginzburg","view_count":0,"last_name":"Ginzburg","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"daniel_ginzburg"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioner","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23796"},{"advocate":{"ID":34185,"name":"Lisa S. 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