{"ID":63803,"name":"Chevron USA Inc. v. Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/2025\/24-813","view_count":0,"docket_number":"24-813","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Writ of \u003Ci\u003Ecertiorari\u003C\/i\u003E","first_party":"Chevron USA Incorporated","second_party":"Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana","timeline":[{"event":"Granted","dates":[1750050000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55696"},{"event":"Argued","dates":[1768197600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55763"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[1776402000],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/55823"}],"lower_court":{"ID":10,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/10"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EBeginning in 2013, several Louisiana coastal parishes\u2014including Plaquemines Parish and Cameron Parish\u2014filed lawsuits in state court against a consortium of oil and gas companies such as BP America Production Company, Chevron U.S.A. Inc., Shell Oil Company, and others. The parishes, joined by Louisiana state agencies and officials, alleged the companies had violated Louisiana\u2019s State and Local Coastal Resources Management Act of 1978 (SLCRMA), which requires certain activities within the state\u2019s designated \u201ccoastal zone\u201d to comply with an environmental permitting system. Specifically, the parishes claimed the companies engaged in oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation in various \u201cOperational Areas\u201d along the Louisiana coast without securing the proper permits or by violating the conditions of the permits they did have. The complaints further alleged that pre-1980 activities (before SLCRMA\u2019s effective date) were not \u201clawfully commenced,\u201d and thus not exempt under the Act\u2019s grandfather clause. The parishes seek wide-ranging remedies, including damages and restoration of affected coastal lands.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe events at issue span decades, with the oil companies\u2019 challenged operations beginning prior to SLCRMA and, in some cases, dating back to World War II. During the war, some defendant companies operated under federal government contracts to refine petroleum products for the war effort, and they argue that some of the crude oil produced in the disputed areas was used to fulfill those contracts. The parishes\u0027 claims, however, focus on whether the companies\u2019 activities in the coastal zone were environmentally compliant under Louisiana law, regardless of any federal wartime contracts or regulations.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter the initial filing in state court, the oil companies have tried multiple times to remove these cases to federal court, invoking various theories of federal jurisdiction, including the federal officer removal statute, based on their World War II-era federal contracts. Each time, the district courts ruled against removal and remanded the cases to state court, concluding that the oil companies did not meet the statutory requirements. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has repeatedly affirmed the remand orders, and the companies now seek review in the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003ECan an oil company being sued in state court for its World War II-era oil production move its case to federal court simply because the oil was produced to meet federal government contracts for wartime fuel\u2014even if the contract did not specifically direct how to produce the oil?\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe federal officer removal statute\u2014which allows a person acting under a federal officer to move a case from state court to federal court\u2014requires only a close and non-tenuous connection between the challenged conduct and the defendant\u2019s federal duties. Justice Clarence Thomas authored the majority opinion of the Court.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe phrase \u201crelating to\u201d carries a broad ordinary meaning that encompasses any association, bearing, or concern. Under this standard, a defendant seeking removal does not need to prove that federal duties strictly caused or specifically required the challenged conduct. While the law excludes connections that are merely remote or peripheral, it covers indirect relationships where one action supports or facilitates another. Consequently, a lawsuit \u201crelates to\u201d a federal office when the targeted activities have a clear and significant tie to the performance of federal functions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the context of wartime production, the extraction of raw materials\u2014often called feedstock\u2014is closely connected to the eventual refining of those materials for military use. Federal law does not require a government contract to explicitly direct or invite the specific method of production for those actions to relate to the federal mission. Furthermore, the \u201crelating to\u201d requirement remains distinct from the requirement that a defendant \u201cacted under\u201d a federal officer. A lawsuit may be removed even if the specific acts being challenged were not performed under direct federal command, provided they are associated with the defendant\u0027s authorized federal tasks.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJustice Ketanji Brown Jackson, concurred in the judgment, arguing that the statute\u2019s history still requires a \u201ccausal nexus\u201d\u2014a direct link where the federal duty caused the action\u2014but agreed that the case should be moved to federal court because the oil production was a necessary step to fulfill the federal contract.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":37772,"name":"Paul D. Clement","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/paul_d_clement","view_count":0,"last_name":"Clement","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"paul_d_clement"},"advocate_description":"for the Petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23842"},{"advocate":{"ID":63866,"name":"Aaron Z. Roper","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/aaron_z_roper","view_count":0,"last_name":"Roper","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"aaron_z_roper"},"advocate_description":"for the United States, as amicus curiae, supporting the Petitioners","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/23844"},{"advocate":{"ID":63664,"name":"J. 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